![]() ![]() Based upon the seabed soil type, the lateral seabed resistance in th e model is represented as the product of the vertical seabed reaction force per unit length P(z) and a soil friction coefficient u. The bending failure response surface function of the flexible pipeline is constructed considering the randomness of design parameters, e.g., elastic modulus, diameter, and density, and the probability of torsional instability of flexible pipeline is analyzed using both the first-order second moment and Monte Carlo simulation methods, both of which could give almost the same level of accuracy, while the first-order second moment method is computationally less expensive. the other side, the pipe-seabed lateral interaction is simulated by the modified Coulomb friction model, as illustrated in Figure 6. In this study, the formation mechanism of a flexible pipeline loop is thoroughly analyzed considering the end torsion, tension, and environmental loads. Moreover, when the tension on a marine flexible pipeline increases, the radius of the loop decreases and kinks can form, which could result in damage or fracture of the flexible pipeline, affecting its normal operation. In addition, marine flexible pipelines are subjected to low tension at the touch down zone (TDZ), which could result in the torsion instability phenomenon of flexible pipeline in the TDZ, thus forming a loop. During the installation of marine flexible pipelines, components, such as flexible risers, umbilicals, and cables, subject to wave motion and ship yaw can cause torque on such pipelines. ![]()
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